The Invention of the World Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jack Hodgins

In The Invention of the World, Jack Hodgins invites us to consider an alternative dystopia in which legerdemain and reality converge to create sense and constance in an otherwise chaotic existence. Unleashing an arsenal of characters in two parallel worlds, Hodgins attempts to uncover the mysteries of people, and he delves into the paradoxical literary genre of magic realism, a term coined by Franz Roh in 1925, to achieve this. Focussing on characterization, The Invention of the World offers sufficient surrealism to provide fictional entertainment, whilst cleverly basis his mythical record in a relatable reality inspired by history and realism. Specifically, Hodgins offers a lens into the lives of a number of characters. Arguably, Maggie Kyle and Wade Powers achieve enjoyment on their pilgrimage to Ireland through self-reflection and internal enlightenment conversely, Kineally and Becker, seek to achieve their constance through the manipulation, exploitation and dependence on ot her people in their lives. Hodgins novel traces the journey of these characters and evokes consideration of the effects of our choices on the long-term equilibrium of our existence and self-enlightenment.From the beginning of the tale, the motif of travel predominates. As Becker waves your car down the side onto the government ferry... (vii) we are not only introduced to the setting, but also the idea that Becker has a certain authority and inclination to control that journey. As Becker researches, documents and attempts to quantify the tale of Donal Keneally and his rise as founder of the Colony of the Revelation of Truth, we learn of his dissonance and inability to find contentment. Beckers energy on the pilgrimage was excited with trying to take eve... ...17). With Wades turbulent waters eventually settled by Maggie, this resonating re-birth enables both characters to realize a happiness that peck only be found within.To conclude, Hodginss entrancing tale merges fact with fic tion, magic with reality, and chaos with romance. While Becker and Keneally ultimately fail in their attempts to create, using rob and ambition as fuel towards constancy, Hodgins creates a poetic final scene in which Wade and Maggie Powers symbolically unite in matrimony, ironically wed by Horseman, Wades sagely nemesis, amongst the chaos of thrown insults, wielded chainsaws, food fights and terrible music, Maggie is, significantly, able to stand up, beside her husband, ready (353). Through the magic of myth, Hodgins teaches us to find a cast where we can be satisfied, enjoy who we are, and appreciate the important people around us.

Deliberate Alienation: Surrealism and Magical Realism Critical thinking

Deliberate Alienation Surrealism and Magical Realism Critical intellection is a terrible thing. At least, that seems to be a popular opinion. We live in an age where people are willing to look to anyone but themselves for advice on what they should think. Rather than figure out what their own opinions are, they trust the thinly-veiled slant of the television newscasters, the politics-masquerading-as-reporting of magazines like Time and Newsweek. There are fashion shows and magazines that tell you what you think is stylish. Children in grade school and high school are actually discouraged from thinking differently from their peers or from their teachers. Even television commercials or assigned readings in school that encourage positive behavior are only promoting this phenomenon of mental laziness whether people are told to think good things or told to think uncool things is unimportant either way theyre still not doing their own thinking. Lest we become a culture of zombies, it see ms important somehow to stop this disturbing trend. But how to assault this kind of apathy? Any appeal to the brain-dead must require them to use that very organ which they are allowing to atrophy. Perhaps some shock therapy is in order. Theres a reason our language contains the phrase to slap some sense into someone. I propose that the best way to cure such mental apathy is to fight it. By presenting the individual with an apparent reality which contradicts or prevents what s/he is familiar or comfortable with, one would force him/her to spend the necessary cognitive effort to correct or reconcile the discrepancy, or risk existing in an utterly absurd, impossible, and nonsensical world. Purposely inducing cognitive dissonance may be the best... ...e Old Man and the Wormhole. Available online http//justice.loyola.edu/mcoffey/ce/wormhole.html , May 9, 2000. Beckett, Samuel. Waiting For Godot. (New York Grove Press, 1956.) Borges, Jorge Luis. Ficciones. (New York Grove Press, 1962 .) Garca Mrquez, Gabriel, trans. Gregory Rabassa. One Hundred Years of Solitude. (New York harper & Row, 1998.) Magritte, Ren. Painting Le Prtre Mari (The Married Priest). 1961. Available online http//www.magritte.com/3_detail.cfm?ID=253 , May 9, 2000. OBrien, Dan. Borges Rides the Cyclone. In Ketchin, Susan, and Neil Giordano, eds. 25 and Under/Fiction. (New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1997.) Sartre, Jean-Paul, trans. S. W. Allen. Black Orpheus. (Paris Prsence Africaine, 1948.) Sartre, Jean-Paul, trans. Lloyd Alexander. The Wall. (New York New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1975.)

Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet - Friar Laurence Essay -- Romeo Juliet

Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet - Friar LaurenceFriar Laurence plays a most intriguing role in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. He is a priest, and a friend to Romeo. With the absence of Montague parental scenes, Friar Laurence also becomes like a surrogate father to Romeo. Romeo seeks him out to marry him and Juliet, obviously assumptive that the friar would without parental permission. The friar greets him and addresses Romeos past distinguish. He even tells Romeo that he mis in any casek what he felt for Rosaline as love when it was not, and therefore not be too haste, They stumble that run fast (2.2.94). Therefore, not only has Romeo discussed matters of the heart with the friar, but also the friar himself feels in the position to be able to speak with Romeo on a more personal level. Friar Laurence doubts Romeos professed love to Juliet and compares it to what Romeo himself swore he felt for Rosaline, Young mens love then lies/ Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes (2.2.67 -8). Bluntly, yet fatherly, he corrects Romeos claim of love by saying (in reference to Rosaline), For doting, not for loving, pupil mine (2.2.82). Still, he agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet without opinion twice. In fact, his greater preoccupation is not whether or not they truly do love each other, but how their love could end the feud betwixt their families, as he states, For this alliance may so happy prove/ To turn your households rancour to pure love (2.2.91-2). Friar Laurence also doubts Juliets love for Romeo. beforehand she even enters the scene the Friar notes that moderate love is best because it does not overwhelm or become consumed by itself as a rash love would (2.5.10-15). Ironically enough Juliet enters the scene somewhat fast (... ...ave to face responsibility for his death. Thus, he leaves Juliet alone in a vault filled with dead ancestors, as well as recently dead Romeo and Paris, and she kills herself. This is not say that Friar Laurence does not feel respons ible for Romeo and Juliets deaths, he recounts his tale to the Prince and offer his life as a sacrifice if their deaths are his fault (5.3.228-68). In every step of deceiving Romeo and Juliets parents, the government, and everyone who thought Juliet to be dead, Friar Laurence was attempting to end a great feud in the midst of two families, help Juliet keep her marriage vows (by helping her out of marrying Paris), keeping Juliet alive, keeping Romeo safe from imprisonment or death, and ultimately, protecting the lovers love from outside influences. He sees his acts as acts that are working for the greater good, and therefore they are just.

Preventing Disease and Promoting Health Essay -- Health and Wellness

Early detection of certain diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD), and which incorporates approaches that implement life style changes, medication, and counseling, has the potential drop to alter the course of the devastation the disease can cause (Murimi & Harpel, 2010). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends regular examination of obesity and health-related issues, such as cardiovascular screenings for everyone (Murimi & Harpel, 2010). Documented research demonstrates that a healthy lifestyle that includes a proper diet, exercise, no smoking, and limited alcohol decreases the risk of CVD (Gordon, Lavoie, Arsenault, Ditto, & Bacon, 2008). Kehler, Christensen, Risor, Lauritzen, and Christensen (2009) reported that patients who had a backchat with their doctor about cardiovascular disease including information about the disease, knowledge about the disease, and perception of risk and prevention strategies indicated that they were able to incorporate healt hy lifestyle changes into their diet. Many respondents reported feeling relief and empowerment following the conversation with their doctor (Kehler et al., 2009).Lifestyle changes suggested for a client could include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, gentle in a heart healthy diet, exercising, losing weight, taking medication as prescribed, and finding ways to relieve stress. Lack of compliance related to the identified lifestyle changes is an issue. Sargeant, Valli, Ferrier and MacLeod (2008) suggest that it is very difficult for individuals to change comfortable and enjoyable behaviors in which they have been engaged their entire lives. There are many reasons clients do non comply, and finding ways to facilitate compliance is a key role o... ...08). Health behaviors and endothelial function. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 5-21. doi10.1007/s10865-007-9129-0 Kehler, D., Christensen, M. B., Risor, M. B., Lauritzen, T., & Christensen, B. (2009). Self-reported cognitive and emotional do and lifestyle changes shortly after preventive cardiovascular consultations in general practice. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 27(2), 104-110. doi10.1080/02813430902793563 Murimi, M. W., & Harpel, T. (2010). Practicing preventive health The key culture among low-income rural populations. The Journal of Rural Health, 26(3), 273-282. doi10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00289.x Sargeant, J., Valli, M., Ferrier, S., & MacLeod, H. (2008). Lifestyle counseling in primary care Opportunities and challenges for changing practice. Medical Teacher, 30(2), 185-191. doi10.1080/01421590701802281

Essay --

A true fri decease is someone you can confide in without fear of being judged or betrayed... It is always good to realize a friend in whom you can confide. A true friend is a good listener one with whom you can share your thoughts and feelings without worrying whether they will judge you or tell other people about you. You should be able to swear a friend, particularly when you are in need of someone to share your problems with..... In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne, Bruno, the main instance is in need of a good friend. He is unhappy, having being forced to move away from his home in Berlin and his three best friends for life because his gravel has a new job. Bruno, his mother and sister accompany the new commandant to the new house at Out-With, as Bruno calls it. This new house is small, dark, and strange. Bruno spends long geezerhood gazing out the window of his new bedroom, where he notices people dressed in striped pyjamas and rows of barracks surrounded by a barbed wire fence. With nobody yet his sister The Hopeless Case to talk to, bored and lonely, and not really understanding the circumstance of his new existence, Bruno sets out to explore the area, despite being veto to do so by his parents. He discovers Shmuel, a very thin Jewish boy who lives on the other side of the fence and an unlikely acquaintance between the two boys is formed. Over the next few months the two children swap life stories through the wire fence. Shmuel explains how he and his family have been transported here from a ghetto in Poland. Unable to comprehend the gravity of Shmuels situation, Bruno is simply content to have found a playmate. In particular he finds it amazing that they are the corresponding age and born on exactly th... ...d hegathers himself and makes a clear decision to face his fear in order to help his friend.... Even when the two boys have been herded into the gas chambers about to face their death, Bruno stands by his friend, holdi ng Shmuels hand, forgetting even the names of his friends in Berlin and saying that Shmuel is one true friend for life. To conclude, Bruno and Shmuels friendship is both strange and genuine. Bruno confides in Shmuel, at first, because he is lonely and innocent. However as the novel develops their friendship grows into something authentic which crosses the boundaries of race, religion and culture. Over the conformation of the novel there are times when the friendship is tested, threatened and almost betrayed but Bruno and Shmuel remain true to their friendship even in the darkest and devastating of endings...At the end they died together...

Essay --

A true friend is some star you can confide in without fear of organism judged or betrayed... It is always good to have a friend in whom you can confide. A true friend is a good listener one with whom you can share your thoughts and feelings without worrying whether they will judge you or tell other people about you. You should be able to trust a friend, especially when you are in posit of someone to share your problems with..... In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne, Bruno, the main character is in need of a good friend. He is unhappy, having being forced to move away from his home in Berlin and his three best friends for life because his father has a new-made job. Bruno, his mother and sister accompany the new commandant to the new house at Out-With, as Bruno calls it. This new house is small, dark, and strange. Bruno spends long days gazing out the window of his new bedroom, where he notices people dressed in striped pyjamas and rows of barracks surrounded by a barb ed wire fence. With nobody except his sister The black Case to talk to, bored and lonely, and not really understanding the circumstance of his new existence, Bruno sets out to explore the area, despite being forbidden to do so by his parents. He discovers Shmuel, a very thin Jewish boy who lives on the other side of the fence and an unlikely friendship between the deuce boys is formed. Over the next few months the two children swap life stories through the wire fence. Shmuel explains how he and his family have been transported here from a ghetto in Poland. Unable to cut across the gravity of Shmuels situation, Bruno is simply content to have found a playmate. In particular he finds it amazing that they are the same age and born(p) on exactly th... ...d hegathers himself and makes a clear decision to face his fear in order to help his friend.... Even when the two boys have been herded into the gas domiciliate about to face their death, Bruno stands by his friend, holding Sh muels hand, forgetting even the names of his friends in Berlin and saying that Shmuel is one true friend for life. To conclude, Bruno and Shmuels friendship is both strange and genuine. Bruno confides in Shmuel, at first, because he is lonely and innocent. However as the novel develops their friendship grows into something authentic which crosses the boundaries of race, religion and culture. Over the course of the novel on that point are times when the friendship is tested, threatened and almost betrayed but Bruno and Shmuel remain true to their friendship even in the darkest and devastating of endings...At the end they died together...

Mind Control Essay

Have you ever walked around a shopping mall intending to go to only one store, yet two hours later youre still in the mall and you havent walked into the only store you planned to go into? What pulled you into the early(a) stores? You were just walking down and all of a sudden you smelled a whiff of some good scent, so you walk into Abercrombie and Fitch. The smell subordinate you in and then you began looking at clothes and the time just got the best of you and your money. Abercrombie and Fitch used a form of creative thinker control to pick off you in and get you to walk into their store and then buy their product. Today we will discuss the topic of mind control, how it affects us as students today, and how the media shapes our ideals and values with mind control. Mind control is defined in psychology as Social Influence. Social influence occurs all(prenominal) minute of every day. Its the many slipway in which people can manipulate other peoples perspectives beliefs and ethi cs.For instance, The Compliance Method is intent to make a shift in a persons behavior, not in his perspective or belief. This is one of the biggest advertising campaigns that ar being used so successfully today. Its the however do it approach. Persuasion, on the other hand, aims for a change in attitude, or Do it because it will make you feel Blissful, Healthy, or prosperous. Whereas the Education Method (which is called the propaganda method if you dont believe what is being taught.) attempts to alter a distortion in a persons beliefs, saying something along the lines of Do it because you inhabit its the right thing to do. A common way that millions of people get brainwashed as young adults is as being students. Grading, humiliation, favoritism and other techniques, ar used in nearly school systems to punish and reward certain behaviors and ideas. An abundance amount of kids learn in school for example, that they are secondary, stupid, inadequate, untalented , and failures t hank to absentmindedness or intended brainwashing done by teachers, who are commonly themselves brainwashed.Students furthermore learn not to be creative, not to question authority, not to be individuals or do things that differ from the mainstream way. Subconsciously they dread the disciplinary action and humiliation that came when they were in school years before. This is mainly the reason many adultsare afraid to ask their questions and thereafter never learn new things. This condition affects thousands worldwide and limits adult intellectual growth. Perhaps the most powerful, yet the least recognised form of brainwashing is in the media. The media affects our thought patterns, expectations, priorities and relationships. The advertising industry influences parents by making them feel that they can buy their childrens do it. They accomplish this through linking love and guilt with the purchase of products.Instead of being a good parent, they minimize theyre guilt by buying their kid the newest product on the market. Parents pass on approximately 16 hours a week with their children while theyre children spend about 40 hours a week on any sort of media. This disgraceful statistic shows just exactly what is most influential in a childs life. The media especially preys on kids and teens under the age of 24, because this is when theyre brains are most impressionable. Youve probably noticed many teenagers imitating the dress and even the speech patterns of the rich and famous. Take the Kardashians for example, how many girls do you see trying to talk akin Kim or look like Kyle?Isnt it scary how easily influenced we are by whats going on around us? Brainwashing happens every minute of every day. Whether its from the constant media were always hooked into, our upbringing or just the society we are living in today. Now that we are aware of whats going on around us, we can make sure we agree with what is being fed to us and not just do it because were told it will make us feel a certain way, because its the right thing to do, or just do it because everyone else is.

Investigate the effect of one factor on the boiling temperature of a liquid Essay

Salt (NaCl) is a substance with a low vapour pressure. In equality to any type of liquid, salt still has a lower vapour pressure. If salt was to be dissolved in urine (H2O), in this case for the look into, so consequently the salt volition cause the overall vapour pressure of the solution to decrease and have a lower vapour pressure. Lowering a solutions vapour pressure means that the solution will have a higher molecule vaporising point then pure body of piddle (with aside added salt). In other words, the boiling point of the solution will increase and therefore have a higher boiling point temperature. A depot used to describe this outcome is also known as boiling-point elevation. 1In this experiment the affect of display board salt on the boiling point of criticise weewee will be measured. Pure tap body of water system without table salt added will be the control of this experiment and all cores will be compared to the results of the pure tap water. The temperature of the water will be measured in heads Celsius (C) and the amount of table salt added will be measured in grams (g). This experiment will be carried out at Standard Lab Conditions (SLC)Research QuestionHow does table salt affect the boiling point of water?theoryIt is hypothesised that adding table salt will cause the water to boil at a higher temperature.VariablesIndependent variablesThe amount of table salt added to water. (g)* 0 grams (control)* 10 grams* 20 grams* 30 grams* 40 grams* 50 gramsDependent variablesThe temperature of water when it boils (C)Controlled variablesControlled variablesHow it will be controlledThe conditions of the surrounding area (temperature, wind, humidity etc) of where the experiment is carried outThe experiment will be carried out on one day only and at standard lab conditionsAvoid salt residues left on the thermometer when testing water temperatureDistilled water will be used to clean the thermometer before every testing of waterThe type of water used f or the experimentTap water for the science lab will be used for this experimentThe point at which the water temperature will be recordedThe temperature of the water will be recorded when the whole surface of the water is boiling and bubblingThe length of clock the thermometer is left in the beaker of waterThe thermometer will be left for 30 seconds in the beaker, to show clear results of the water temperatureThe depth at which the thermometer is left in the beakerThe end tip of the beaker will be placed right at the centre bottom of the beakerThe Bunsen burner flame that will heat the beakerThe heat of the hot flame will boil the water in the beakerThe length of time the Bunsen burner is left undisturbed on blue flame to reach its optimum temperatureWhen the Bunsen burner safe flame is changed to blue flame, the Bunsen burner will be left on the bench undisturbed for 2 proceedingThe repetition and speed of stirring the solutionWhen the beaker is placed onto the tripod with the blu e flame on, immediately 5 slow circle rotations of the stirring rod will be performed to dissolve the salt into the waterThe amount of water used for this experimentFor this experiment, 500 millimetres of water will be measured in the beakers. When bar the water level, the observer must get down to eye level to countermand parallax error and read of the water levelAvoiding contaminations to the equipment used in this experimentBefore using equipments, distilled water will be used to thoroughly clean all equipments to avoid contamination and residuesThe brand and type of table salt used for this experimentWoolworths Iodated Table Salt will be used for this experimentThe accuracy of measuring small amount of saltThe sampler spoon will be filled with salt right to the top, (touching the edges but not overflowing) with salt.2. A flop nursing bottle was used to thoroughly clean all equipments of this experiment. Including beakers, graduated cylinder thermometer, stirring rod3. With a permanent marker pen, each beaker was labelled (near the top babble out of the beaker) Control 10g 20g 30g 40g 50g respectively, in relation to the amount of salt that will be added to the water4. The graduated cylinder was used to measure 500mL of tap water, and the tap water was then placed into a beaker. This was repeated until all six beakers were filled with 500mL of tap water5. The sampler spoon was used to weigh the amount of table salt that each beaker of water needed according to the labels of the beakersEg If the beaker is labelled 30g, then 30g of salt must be added to the beaker. Which means salt will have to be scooped three times with the spoon6. The Bunsen burner was set up and the safe flame was left on. The tripod was placed directly above the flame7. When the Bunsen burner was changed to the blue flame, the stopwatch was used to record 2 minutes of the flame left undisturbed8. The beaker that read Control was immediately placed onto the tripod after two minutes was up9. The stirring rod was instantly retrieved and 5 slow circle rotations were performed to dissolve the salt into the water10. The beaker was left stable on the tripod. Whilst waiting for the water to boil, changes to the solution was carefully observed. Observations were recorded as qualitative data. When the whole surface of the water boiled, the tip of the thermometer was immediately placed at the centre of the beaker for 30 seconds. The degree of the water was then recorded.11. In avoiding dangers, the blue flame was changed to the safe12. The beaker tongs was used to remove the beaker from the tripod and the beaker was then placed away from the experiment area13. The wash bottle was used to clean residues off the thermometer.14. Steps 7-12 was then repeated for the rest of the beakers labelled 10g 20g 30g 40g 50g15. In obtaining more accurate results, the whole experiment was carried out another three times and the average was then calculatedTest 1 result + Test 2 result + Test 3 resultBibliography1. How Does Salt Affect the Boiling Point of Water. David Bradley. 27 Dec 2006. 07 Feb 2009. http//www.sciencebase.com/science-blog/how-does-salt-affect-the-boiling-point-of-water.html

Iron Crowned Chapter 20

I didnt know what the flowers meant. Nothing desire that had ever happened when Id meditated in the Thorn Land. Over the succeeding(a) few days, I erect kept sentiment more or less what Rurik had said, that no other monarch save my father had ruled more than iodine country in recent history. It had set outn great power and magic for me to exert my dominance over the unloads. Were they feeding it keystone to me in return? I sure enough felt stronger with them, besides Id neer expected any sort of unconscious physical manifestation. What else was I capable of? What could I make out the land do?I didnt mention the matter to anyone, not even Kiyo. Hed seen the red flowers but brushed them off. If I told him astir(predicate) the Thorn Land, I fe ared hed grow upset active the impression of my magic increasing. He grudgingly accepted what I already possessed but still feared it would turn me into my father, no heir filled.And although Id felt physic each(prenominal)y sto p in the Otherworld, I grew weak again after a day or so second in Tucson. I didnt mention this to Kiyo any, but Jasmine was rough enough to pick up on it.Are they calling to you again? she asked over breakfast one day. She was devouring Pop-Tarts, another love we apparently shared. I was too worried to learn an appetite and simply watched. You look like crap.I dont know, I said, drumming my fingers against a glass of water. in that respects no precedent for this at least not anymore. No one knows what to expect from me having ii kingdoms.I bet Dorian would know.I bet he would too, but I shake my head. Hes not all-knowing no matter how much he wants to be, I countered. And Im done with him.Okay. She didnt fight it. For a while, shed kept telling me Id made a skid in breaking up with Dorian, but Kiyo had been growing on her. I still wasnt sure if she approved, but at least I didnt shoot to see to teen advice about my love life anymore. further you might just pitch to go back soon. I mean, think about it. Youre bound to two lands in the Otherworld. Arent the lands and the monarch one? Part of yous there. It makes sense youd have to be there twice as much.I winced at the idea, though it had been on my capitulum too. If I were there any more, Id be maintenance there permanently.She swallowed the cash in ones chips of or so crust. You whitethorn not have a choice.Her flippant tone peeved me. Theres al commissions a choice. I rule them. They dont rule me. I stood up abruptly and briefly became dizzy. It felt like the lands were mocking me. Damn it, I popular opinion. You entrust not call me back so quickly. Im staying in this world for a while. Ill come and go when I please. I just need to stop thinking about it. Im going to see if Laras got a business enterprise.Yeah, said Jasmine dryly. Thatll fix everything.Lara did have a job for me, several actually. Even though she was all but living with Tim in my house she still kept meticulous records and took all my calls. She looked disappointed that I only accepted one from her growing list of jobs, a small(a) one at that a simple haunting that would probably take about five minutes. She said nothing, but I knew that she worried if I didnt make any money, she wouldnt either. So, remembering Enriques comment about needing help but not being able to trust anyone, I gave her his card with the suggestion she call about part-time work.Are you firing me? she asked.I smiled as I gathered up all my weapons. No, but I want you to have a co-occurrence plan in fount you get laid off. Her eyes widened in alarm at the joke. Or, I suddenly wondered, was it a joke?I brought Jasmine with me to the job because I still felt uneasy about leaving her alone. Besides, she was finally getting her fill of the human world, and I had a feeling her insistence on me returning to the Otherworld was partly selfish.Later, after Id finished the job, I kind of regretted bringing a witness.Wow, she said, a s we drove home. You got your ass kicked.I did not.Did too.So. This was what it was like having a sister.I banished it, didnt I? You saw it go to the Underworld.Yeah, she admitted, but it sure did take a long time. I felt like I could have done it, and Ive never banished anything before.I gritted my teeth, refraining from commenting that I still had her chains. The troubling thing was, I had kind of sucked. Id been in no real danger not with a ghost that shaver but it had beaten me up more than it should have. I was off my game, a little slower, a little weaker. Id walked away with about bruises and now noticed as we drove that my shoulder itched. For a moment, I thought the ghost must have hit me there, but there was no pain. The stitches. Id nearly forgotten about them, now that theyd finally been able to heal. My skin had probably started to grow over the threads. I needed them out.No one was at my house, much to my disappointment. Id hoped Kiyo had stopped by and could remov e the stitches. Trying to be optimistic, I decided he must be pulling a shift at the veterinary hospital and wasnt with Maiwenn. and then far, Id elated no official word from her about my new double-queen status. Other monarchs had weighed in, though. Some had responded by showering me with congratulatory gifts and groveling. Others had let me know in an amiable way about other monarchs they were pals with, monarchs with big armies. It turned out everyone did fear the Iron Crown.I called my regular doctor, hoping to get an appointment this week as backup, in case Kiyo stayed absent. To my pleasant surprise, theyd had a cancellation that afternoon and could remove the stitches dear away. It was good news for me but an annoyance for Jasmine, whod just gotten comfortable on the couch.Oh, come on, she said, stretching out. We just got home. Cant you please leave me here? I promise not to conquer the world or get pregnant while youre gone.You know, I said, Lara and Tim had sex right where youre lying. She jumped up.A half hour later, we arrived at my doctors office.I left Jasmine in the waiting room, deeming her safe enough with her iPod and magazines for the five minutes it would take to remove my stitches. perchance shed read some contraception pamphlets to pass the time.They did this in the ER? the doctor asked when I was admitted to an examination room and had taken off my shirt.Id been seeing Dr. Moore for a couplet years now. She was a pleasant, mid-fortyish woman who had eventually learned not to ask too many questions about my injuries. She thought I was a contractor who secure martial arts on the side.Not exactly, I said. I tore the ones the ER did, so my boyfriend had to redo them.She took hold of tweezers and a tiny correspond of scissors and leaned over. Well, his works neat, and it didnt get infected. If Id seen you when this happened, I would have confined you to your bed. I would have known better than to assume you wouldnt promptly rip thes e out.Yeah, I really pulled one over on the other doctor.She snorted a small laugh and proceeded to pull the stitches out. They stung where they tugged the skin, but honestly, it was nothing compared to my normal wear and tear.There you go, she said, stepping back. Youll have a scar.I put my shirt back on and faced her. Battle trophy.She rolled her eyes, leaning against the wall with crossed arms. You shouldnt joke about that.Sorry. I picked up my purse, but her expression said we werent done.Eugenie I dont ask many questions, not any more than I need to treat you, but Im worried about how often you come in with these kinds of injuries.If only she knew how many I didnt come in for. I No, no, she interrupted. I dont need to know all the details of your life. I try not to judge but you might need to. There are jobs out there that are physical in nature. Thats life. But whatever youre doing maybe you should reevaluate it. To be blunt, you look terrible today.Oh, that. Crap. I coul d hardly explain that it was the residual aftereffects of a magical battle in the Otherworld, during which Id fought for dominion of a fairy kingdom and become its new master, thus doubling my reign. Im just, uh, coming down with something. Just kind of tired, you know.She arched her eyebrows.Double crap.Then lets do some quick blood and urine tests, she said, straightening up. Check your electrolytes, thyroid I fumbled for an excuse. Id never been comfortable with those kinds of tests since discovering I had gentry blood. I was pretty sure human practice of medicinal drug couldnt detect that sort of thing, but I didnt want to take any chances. I dont have time. My sisters waiting for me in the lobby.Im sure shell be okay, said Dr. Moore. Thisll take five minutes.Fine. I sat back on the table, defeated. But can you send someone to make sure shes still out there? Shes the large(p) one.Dr. Moores nurse returned to send me to the bathroom and then drew blood when I came back. She wa s in the middle of telling me they would send the tests out to a lab, when Dr. Moore herself stuck her head back in.Can we talk for a moment? she asked.The nurse discreetly left, and once we were alone, I braced for another lecture about my lifestyle. I really need to get back to my sister, I told her. You dont know what shes capable of.Eugenie. Dr. Moores voice was kind but firm. closely of those tests we have to wait on, but there are a few we do right here with urine.And?And, youre pregnant.I thought about this for a moment and then enlightened her.No. Im not.Those eyebrows rose again.Your test came back positive. Now, we cant tell how far just from a urine test, but based on Your test is wrong I sprang up from the table. My world was starting to lurch again. I cant be pregnantTo her credit, she took my outburst calmly, but that was probably part of her training. The test is very accurate, and it would explain why you arent feeling well.I cant be pregnant, I repeated adamantly . There was a mistake here. A terrible, terrible mistake, and she needed to understand that. Until she did, I refused even to process what she was claiming. I take my family obligate pills. Every day. Same time. Just like Im supposed to. Im not going to lie I do other stupid shit all the time. But not with pills. I take them perfectly. I did with the antibiotics too. Im careless with stitches but not prescriptions.That calm expression shifted to surprise. Antibiotics? When were you taking antibiotics?I pointed to my shoulder. When I got this. The ER doctor gave me a prescription. I frowned. What? Why are you looking at me like that? I told you I took them correctly, all of them.Antibiotics can negate birth control pills, she said. Didnt you know that?I What? No. Thats not No. A mistake. A terrible, terrible mistake.Women taking both need to use some other form of contraception until the antibiotics have run their course.A horrible, cold feeling began spreading over me. How was I supposed to know that? I asked in a small voice.Your pharmacist should have told you when you got the antibiotics. The interaction would have shown up in your records.I thought back to that night, how my mom and I had stopped at the place closest to the hospital. I didnt go to my usual pharmacy. And I had gotten out of there as fast as I could, not bothering to talk to the pharmacist because Id taken antibiotics lots of time in my life. I certainly hadnt bothered with the enclosed pamphlets.Dr. Moore seemed to think shed gotten through to me. Now, we can figure out how far along you are if you know when your last menstruum No, I exclaimed. No, no, no. I cant be pregnant Dont you understand? I cant be. I cant have a baby. I cant I was shouting again and wondered if this place had security.Calm down, Dr. Moore said. Everything will be all right.No, no, it wouldnt. Everything wouldnt be all right. Nausea welled in me, nausea Id felt for a few weeks or so and that had nothing to do with inheriting the Rowan Land. After all this time, after all the planning and lofty talk, after all my fears about Jasmine it was me. Human medicine had screwed me over. No, I had screwed me over. Id fucked up. My own carelessness had brought this about. Everything anyone had ever said about the Storm King prophecy began to run through my mind. Sformi, Kings first grandson. An invasion of the human world. direct by his mother. Domination and blood. And I, I was bringing it about. I was the instrument.EugenieDr. Moore was supporting me, and I had a feeling shed said my name a few times. She glanced at the door and opened her mouth, about to call her nurse.No I clutched at her white coat. Dont. Listen to me. My voice was raspy and desperate. I cant. I cant have a baby. Dont you understand?She peered at me through her glasses, regarding me knowingly. Then you dont have to. There are options You cant have a boy, some voice inside me said. What if its a girl?Wait, I interrupted he r. When can you tell the gender?That got a shocked look. Youd base an abortion on gender?I no, wait. Fuck. I couldnt think. I was dread and scared and confused. I needed to get my head together. What did I do? I had to get rid of this baby, pure and simple. People did it all the time. It was easy in this day and age, right? I meant, how long until you can tell gender and if if theres anything wrong. I groped for something reasonable, something that wouldnt make me seem like a heartless woman whod use up her son. You can do those tests, right? Like, genetic tests? I Im so afraid of having a baby and having there be something wrong. My family has a bad history. My cousins have had babies with birth defects, and I cant I cant handle that. I have to know. I have to know right away as early as possible because otherwise Ill The lies rolled easily off my lips. Anything. Anything to know the gender.Dr. Moore studied me again. I still sounded crazy and scattered, I knew, but a lit tle less than before. When was your last period? she asked quietly.I turned to her wall calendar. The numbers swam before me. I couldnt focus. How the hell could I remember that when the fate of the world was on the line? I thought about my last period and tried to link it to some event, something that would trigger a date.There. I pointed. It started on the fifth.She nodded, doing mental calculations. Which lines up with the antibiotics. Youre almost nine weeks along, as the reckoning goes, though technically only seven since conception.Seven. Seven weeks Youre almost in the range for chorionic villus sampling, she said. Chorionic what? They dont like to do it unless its necessary, though. There are risks for the fetus. They almost never do it for someone your age, whos in good health.But it can tell me? I said urgently. It can tell me what I need to know?It can tell you a lot. No test can tell you everything, but it can give you peace of mind specially if you really do have a ba d family history Did I ever.I do, I said. Please.I held my breath, knowing she was wavering here. Finally, she turned to her filing cabinet, grooving through it until she found a carbon form. She scrawled something in doctors handwriting on it and handed it over. Here.It was a referral to an OB-GYNs office nearby. The form had my name, some boxes checked, and a few foul words. I did make out CVS and emergency.Emergency? I asked. I mean, it was, but I was surprised shed nailed it.It means youll get scheduled in right away. Most of these tests are backed up because they arent done this early. Give it to my nurse when you leave. She was writing something else as she spoke. Shell call them and schedule you but you need to be aware they may refuse it when youre there, based on their judgment. I meant it this isnt routine.My next words were hesitant. Then why are you doing it?Because I believe that in pregnancy, the mothers health outweighs everything else.Mothers health. I didnt like thinking of myself as a mother. Fuck. This shouldnt even be an issue at all We should be discussing abortions. Why did I care about gender? I didnt want a baby. I wasnt ready for a baby. Certainly not one whod fulfill a world-conquering prophecy.In this case, said Dr. Moore. Your mental health is especially concerning. Which is what this is for. She handed me the other piece of paper. It was a referral for a psychologist.I dont need Eugenie, shock over an unplanned pregnancy is normal. Expected. But its clear you have some very serious issues around this.She had no idea.Have my nurse call for the test. Then schedule yourself a therapist appointment and a follow-up with me.There was no way I could tell her I had no intention of going to therapy. I wasnt even sure about the follow-up. But Id gotten away with something, and I knew it. I nodded meekly. Thank you. I left before she could change her mind.Jasmines face was filled with irritation and impatience when I finally returned. T hat took forever, she said, tossing a magazine aside. How fat were those stitches?Not that deep, I murmured. I walked toward my car on autopilot, still stunned. She was worried about how tired I was, thats all.Well, you can fix that when we go back to the Otherworld.I started the car, staring off into space for a few ponderous moments as numbers floated around in my head. Nine weeks, seven weeks. both days. That was how long until my test. Two days.I refocused on my surroundings so I wouldnt get us into an accident. We arent going to the Otherworld anytime soon, I replied.Jasmine shot me a look that clearly expressed her feelings on that, but there must have been something in my own face that answered back because she didnt fight the issue anymore.When we returned to my house, I put my purse and paperwork in my sleeping room before sitting with Jasmine in her usual spot on the couch. Mindless TV suddenly seemed like a good idea except, well, it didnt do a very good job of taking my mind off of my problems.Pregnant. Conqueror of worlds. Storm Kings heir.Me. It was all on me what had happened and what was to come.We hadnt been home long when Kiyo showed up. He gave me a lightsome grin and wore his white coat from work, meaning he must not have been cozying up with Maiwenn. Small blessing. His smile was enough to make Jasmine smile in return, but I couldnt muster one. There was nothing to smile about right now. Nothing good in this world. Nothing good in either world. He joined us on the couch, sandwiching me in between him and Jasmine, and caught hold of my hand.Hey, how are you? he asked. He peered at my face, even though I was pointedly not looking at him. Are you okay?Fine, I lied. Tired.Storm Kings first grandson will conquer the human world.Shes been like that all day, said Jasmine. She call for to go back to the Otherworld but wont.Is that true? he asked.I didnt think youd have a problem with that, I said. Youve always wanted me to stay away.Yeah, bu t not if its affecting you like this. You really look sick, Eug.She also got beat up by a ghost, Jasmine added helpfully.Hey I glared. I did notKiyo chuckled and pulled me closer. Stop vie tough. Go to the Otherworld tomorrow. Ill come with you, so it wont be as bad. He relaxed, and there was a finality in his voice that I didnt like. I didnt like his presumption. I also wasnt entirely sure I should be going to the Otherworld, in light of recent developments.Flowers. Flowers everywhere, everywhere I step. Im the land, and the land is me. Where I bring life, the land does too.Or death. I could bring death as well. It was my choice.Over and over. The words in my head were all I heard. I didnt hear the TV, or Kiyo and Jasmines occasional comments. I didnt really hear when Kiyo said hed make dinner and went to drop off his overnight bag in my bedroom. But I did hear him when he came raging back to the living room, waving my CVS referral form in the air.Eugenie His voice was a roar, one that made Jasmine cringe and widen her eyes. What the hell is this?I stared up at him levelly, surprised I could be so calm in the face of that outrage, especially after the emotional upheaval Id been through all day. My own despair and shock had never left, but now I was able to push it down and meet Kiyos eyes, as I allowed myself to finally hump the other thought that had been bouncing around in my mind. Because along with the choices I had and the consequences I faced, there was one other matter to consider.Id looked at the numbers, at the calendar. Id factored in the dates, the antibiotics, what had been done or, perhaps most importantly, what hadnt been done. It was all very clear. There was no soap opera here. No talk show?Cworthy mystery.Congratulations, I told Kiyo. Youre going to be a father. Again.

Beyond Gdp Paper

Special attention is devoted to recent developments in the analysis of sustainability, in the study of happiness, in the theory of social utility(a) and fair allocation, and in the capability glide path. It is suggested in the conclusion that, although convergence toward a consensual approach is not impossible, for the moment not one but common chord alternatives to GDP are worth developing. ( JEL I31, E23, E01) 1. Introduction GDP is recurrently criticized for being a poor indicator of social benefit and, therefore, leading organizations astray in their assessment of economic policies. As is well known, GDP statistics measure current economic aactivity but ignore wealth variation, international income flows, household production of services, last of the natural environment, and many determinants of public assistance such as the quality of social relations, economic security and personal safety, health, and longevity.Even worse, GDP increases when convivial reciprocity is rep laced by unknown market relations and when rising crime, pollution, catastrophes, or health hazards trigger * Fleurbaey CNRS, University Paris Descartes, CORE (Universite de Louvain) and IDEP. Comments, suggestions and advice by S. Alkire, G. Asheim, A. Atkinson, A. Deaton, E. Diewert, R. Guesnerie, D. Kahneman, A. Krueger, I. Robeyns, P. Schreyer, three consultees and Roger Gordon (the Editor) are gratefully acknowledged. defensive or regenerate expenditures.Not surprisingly, the construction of better indicators of social social welfare is also, recurrently, a hot issue in public debate and a concern for politicians and governments. The last two decades consume witnessed an explosion in the number of alternative indicators and a surge of initiatives from eventful institutions such as the OECD, the UNDP, the European Unionmore recently the French government has appointed a committee, chaired by Joseph E. Stiglitz and including four other Nobel Prize winners, to propose new in dicators of economic performance and social progress. In the meantime, welfare economics1 has burgeoned in sundry(a) directions, involving the theory of social choice, the theory of 1 The expression welfare economics is used here in a very broad sense, including all branches of economics that bear on the definition of criteria for the evaluation of social states and public policies. It is not restricted to the narrow confines of Old and New (or New New) Welfare Economics. 1029 1030 journal of Economic Literature, Vol.XLVII (December 2009) is much(prenominal) less supported by economic theory than is commonly assumed. The extension of this approach to intertemporal welfare as attempted in car park accounting adds even so more complications. In view of recent developments in the theory of social choice and fairness, it go away be argued that the idea of a rectify GDP is still defendable but implies different accounting methods than usually thought. Second, there is the idea of Gross National Happiness, which has been revived by the burgeoning happiness studies.It will be argued here that the happiness revolution might, instead of bringing or so the return of utility, ultimately condemn this concept for being simplistic, and reveal that subjective well-being cannot serve as a metric for social evaluation without serious precautions. Third, there is the capability approach proposed by Amartya Sen, primarily as a simulation for thinking rather than a precise method of measurement. This approach has now inspired a vvariety of applications, but most of its premoters are reluctant to seek a synthetic index, a famous exception being the Human Development Index (HDI).It will be argued here that a key aspect of this line of work is whether individual valuations of the relevant dimensions of capability can and should be taken into account an issue over which a dialogue with the two previous approaches might come out very useful. Fourth, there is the growing nu mber of synthetic indicators that, following the lead of the HDI, are constructed as weighted averages of summary measures of social performance in assorted domains.It will be argued here that, if the three other approaches were fully exploited, there would be little reason to keep this fourth approach alive because it is unequipped to take account of the distribution of well-being and advantage among the members of society. The paper is structured as follows. Sections 24 deal with monetary measures that are linked to the roll of a reverse fair allocation, the capability approach, the study of happiness and its determinants, in conjunction with new developments in the philosophy of social justice and the psychology of well-being.These abstract developments provide new analytical tools that may be directly useful for concrete measurements. About a decade ago, Daniel T. Slesnick (1998) made the following observation sequence centrally important to many problems of economic analy sis, confusion persists concerning the relationship between commonly used welfare indicators and well-established theoretical formulations (p. 2108). It is probably safe to say that much the same now holds about the relationship between concrete measures of welfareold, new, and potentialand upto-date theories.It appears timely to ask what the existing academic literature has to say about alternatives to GDP. The practical importance of a measure of social welfare can hardly be overstated. Ppolicy decisions, costbenefit analyses, international comparisons, measures of growth, and inequality studies constantly refer to evaluations of individual and collective wellbeing. The fact that monetary measures still predominate in all such contexts is usually interpreted as imposed by the drop of a better index rather than reflecting a positive consensus.The purpose of this paper is, in the light of state-of-the-art welfare economics, to examine the pros and cons of the main alternative appro aches to the measurement of social welfare from the perspective of ppolicy evaluation as well as international and intertemporal comparisons. Four approaches are discussed here. First, there is the idea of a corrected GDP that would take account, in particular, of nonmarket aspects of well-being and of sustainability concerns. As will be explained here, a basic problem for this approach is that its starting point, national income, as a candidate for a measure of social welfare,Fleurbaey Beyond GDP The Quest for a Measure of Social Welfare GDP. Section 2 revisits the classical results involving the assess of total consumption and usually invoked in justification of GDP-like measures. This appears important because some of these results are often exaggerated, while others are little known or even susceptible of developments in future research. Section 3 is devoted to the intertemporal extension of this approach, as featured in the Net National Product (NNP) and green accounting.Sect ion 4 turns to measures based on willingness-to-pay and moneymetric utilities, highlighting the connection with recent developments in the theory of social choice and fairness. This section also briefly discusses costbenefit analysis, which is an important tool for ppolicy evaluation. Sections 57 are devoted to the nonmonetary approaches, namely, synthetic indicators such as the HDI (section 5), happiness studies and the various possible indexes of subjective well-being (section 6), and the capability approach (section 7).Section 8 makes concluding remarks about the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches analyzed in the paper and the prospects for future developments and applications. 2. Monetary Aggregates Revisited The project of correcting GDP has been often understood, after William D. Nordhaus and mob Tobins (1973) seminal work, as adding or subtracting terms that have the same structure as GDP, i. e. , monetary aggregates computed as quantities valued at market wrongs or at imputed prices in case market prices are not available. As we will see in this section, economic theory is much less supporting of this approach than usually 2 Nordhaus and Tobin (1973) set out to compute a comprehensive measure of the annual real consumption of households. Consumption is intended to overwhelm all goods and services, marketed or not, valued at market prices or at their equivalent in oopportunity costs to consumers (p. 24). 1031 thought by most users of national accounts. numerous official reports swiftly gloss over the fact that economic theory has established total income as a good index of social welfare under some assumptions (which are usually left unspecified).To be sure, there is a venerable tradition of economic theory that seeks to relate social welfare to the value of total income or total consumption. 3 Most of that theory, however, deals with the limited issue of determining the sign of the welfare change rather than its magnitude, not to concern the level of welfare itself. In this perspective, the widespread use of GDP per capita, corrected or uncorrected, as a cardinal measure allowing ppercentage scaling of differences and variations appears problematic. 4 In this section, I review the old and recent wrinkles for and against monetary aggregates as social welfare indicators. . 1 A Revealed Preference Argument Start from the revealed preference argument that, assuming local nonsatiation, if a consumer chooses a commodity bundle x (with ? different commodities) in a budget set defined by the price vector p, then x is revealed preferable to all bundles y such that py px. If x is interior and assuming differentiability, for an infinitesimal change dx, x + dx is strictly preferred to x by the consumer if and only if pdx 0. Note the importance of the interiority assumption here.

How does Hughes convey his response to pike in the poem? Essay

Hughes responses to the express stylus include admiration, curiosity, respect, fear and horror. He shows this through use of description, similes and metaphors. During the poem his fear of the pike increases from section to section.He describes the pike as perfect, stunned by their own grandeur, showing his respect for them. In this, the first, stanza he shows his admiration and fear of the pike with the phrasal idiom They dance on the surface among the flies. This metaphorical phrase shows admiration through dance on the surface, which shows beauty and grace of movement b arely it shows fear through among the flies as this can be taken to mean that the pike are the lords of the flies which means devil the word tigering evokes a sense of beauty and fear at the same time, much like the tiger. In the first stanza he also shows his fear of them by saying that they are killers from the egg the malevolent aged grin, this phrase united with the next line shows the pike as devilish kil lers, who reach no choice in the fact that they kill, yet take pride in k directlying that they have killed pike are horrifying, destructive and fearful monsters.Their malevolent aged grin coupled with hooked clamp and fangs/Not to be changed at this date conjure the image of a terrifying, emotionless killing machine with a permanent dismal expression, that will not let go of its prey once it has sunk its teeth in. The aged grin gives the pike an appearance of inborn wisdom. In ponds, low the heat-struck lily pads, the pikes evil behaviour is demonstrated by its choice to hide in shadows under lily-pads. This associates the pike with darkness, a common factor amongst vulturous creatures. Of submarine delicacy and horror./A hundred feet long in their world.Gloom of their stillnessThe gills kneading quietly, and the pectoralsThese show the pike as being very silent up to(p) to sneak up and ambush their prey. These egotistical predators are much like the dangerous and beauteous su bmarine gliding silently through the water.In the countenance section of the poem, stanza 5 6 and a half, a truly vivid illustration of the pikes behaviour is demonstrated where we see that there were trine pike in a tank who, although were being fed enough food(fry), started to eat each other. This is stress by With a sag belly and the grin it was born with which shows that the pike seems to enjoy and is proud of the fact that it has killed and eaten its brethren. Hughes uses this to show how horrifically uncaring and evil pike are, even towards their own kind this is the first glimpse we have of the violent nature of the pike yet this may not be a true glimpse of their nature but rather an evasive and illusive glimpse, caused by the pike being trapped in a tank .In the third section, stanza 6 and a half 7, the pikes all-out craving for violence is brought closer still to the reader. There is no longer a ice rink wall to protect us from the pike as in the previous section. T wo large pike are caught and tied up to dry out in the sun. One of the pike is jammed past its gills bug out the others gullet. In order to prevent us from mistakenly assuming that the violence exhibited by the pike kept behind glass was a result of their captivity, Hughes establishes the presence of the same savagery manifested in the wild. This also shows desire for supremacy which could be interpreted as causing one pike to kill another in the only way it knows how, this is similar to human nature and shows that a pike is willing to step on anyone and anything that gets in the way of it becoming top of the food chain.In the fourth section, stanza 8 11, we see how dangerous the pike have be sustain, as the persona, who used to keep pet pike, is now frightened of them. We know this from That past wickednessfall I dared not cast, which shows his fear of what the pike might do to him if he couldnt see them. This is emphasised by a human belief that with darkness evil becomes more p owerful in this case the evils of the pike. This last section also gives the pike a mythic quality Pike too immense to stir, so immense and old. It also produces an air of fear and suspense, which is shown through Darkness beneath nights darkness had freed, /That rose slowly towards me watching. The suspenseful and fearful feelings, at the end, make the reader feel that, one of these monster pike could come up at any time and kill him.

Georgia Price Kayleigh Dean CYP Core Essay

A number of factors must be considered when planning environments that atomic number 18 brawny and safe. Outdoor atomic number 18as for chel argonn and young pack need to be planned to bothow vigorous play with minimum risk. When having an outdoor bea in any panorama it is important to supply the tiddlerren with full waterproof clothing. This pictures the children stay warm and dry whatever the weather. This excessively serve wells slide by them dry when playing with water and untidy mud and sand. When planning an activity it is always vital to make sure the activity is set in the right environment for example when using bikes, trikes and scooters. These should be ridden outside when there is not enough space to use the equipment indoors, which could be dangerous to yourself and other children. both child is an individual with different needs depending on characteristics much(prenominal) as age, intelligence, size, athleticism and abilities. You must consider this wh en planning activities for children, for example when they are involved in physical play. More experimental condition should be precondition to the needs of a child who has just become mobile than to an older child, when planning room layouts. Children who have specific needs such as sensory(a) impairments would need more support with consultation or seeing instructions. Additional signage or sign language would help a child with limited hearing to understand what to do. The different needs of families and carers must be considered when planning for both indoor and outdoor activities. Always be clear about why you are using the type of environment for an activity and how the child will experience each activity.The duty of care of to children, parents and carers is a legal obligation that must be adhered to at tot each(prenominal)y multiplication. You should always have the childs preventive and welfare upper almost in your mind when planning activities. both activities associ ated with children and young people should have clear aims and objectives that are based around the required outcomes linked to their age. An example of this is Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) for children under 5 geezerhood of age. Lines of responsibility and accountability everyone employed in a setting has a responsibility for the health and safety ofchildren and staff, but there should be clear account responsibilities (Tassoni et al, 2010).Using risk judgments are an excellent way in reducing the risks of accidents. This is a process of identifying a risk and recording items that trim this risk to an imperious minimum. A popular method of producing a encounter Assessment is to score the risk from 1-5, record actions that will reduce the risk, and then to re-score the risk after applying these actions. alone Risk Assessments should be up employmentd regularly so that the identified risk/s are monitored and remain safe for all those who use the setting.The age, ripe ning and capabilities of children should always be considered as each individual child is different and all develop at their own pace. A child who is two would not have progressed to the run of a three or four year old. Therefore, it is important to plan activities wisely in order for children of all ages and capabilities to reach their highest capabilities.All settings must heed the welfare requirements set down in the EYFS, which are to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. To promote good health of the children and take necessary steps to balk the spread of infection. Take appropriate action when they are ill and to manage behaviour effectively and in a manner appropriate for their stage of development and particular individual needs. These are legal requirements and must be followed carefully in all settings.Children with specific learning difficulties or physical disabilities should have activities they git take part in where they can learn and also enjoy. These ch ildren should always have full access to the building and all indoor and outdoor activities. This could include the use of mechanical/electronic lifts and ramps. Access to handicapped toilets are vital when considering accessibility of the building. Staff training must include for the use of toilets by disabled people.Each setting should have a safe reliable security system to maintain childrens safety and welfare. The use of a password for each child could beadopted. Only authorised adults should know the password and it should be changed on a regular basis. This is to ensure that no one but the parent or an authorized person can pick the child or young person up. Routine check of security should be make daily such as, entry phones, locks, visitor books, signing in or out and name badges should all be checked to control entry and exit at all times.Having a clean and safe environment is vital. Toys and all equipment should be checked regularly to ensure there are no sharp edges or they are broken. If a toy is broken this is disposed of if not fixable. Surfaces should be clean for the children and all dangerous substances, cleaning products are locked away (COSSH, 2002). Toilets should be checked to keep them clean and re order toilet roll or hand wash if unavoidable, this will prevent the risk of infection.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be worn e.g. gloves and proscenium when preparing snacks, changing nappies and dealing with a bloody wound. This is also to prevent the risk of infection. Children should always be prompted to wash their hands after using the toilet, before take in or when they are just filthy which stops the spread of all the germs. All food and drink in the setting should be in date and stored at the correct temperature and also prepared hygienically. Allergy control must always be obeyed and in my setting we have a no orchis policy, which helps prevent against serious allergic reaction.All staff will have their Disclosure Ba rring Services (DBS) checks and are responsible to update them when needed to. All children should have an individual child check to explore the progress of a child to ensure they have reached their milestones. This check also helps to get to know the child independently. Reporting all accidents and injuries (RIDDOR, 1995) to the accident book is always important so we can always notify the parent or career of the accident. When considering medication it is subjective that the precise dosage amounts are write down by the parent and given to staff.This should also include for the correct storage of the medication giving consideration to temperature etc. etc. When a child is given medication it is essential to note down the time when given to the child to ensure against double doses are administered. First aid boxes should alwaysbe on premises in case of accident or injury. Not all settings are built for the train of a childcare setting so planning should take into account the way in which the setting should function as a safe and hale environment. As part of our duty of care, a childs health and safety should be the overriding principle when planning activities.1.2Safety is a canonic human need, a safe environment is one in which the child or adult has a low risk of becoming injured or ill. When working with children it is vital you know how to provide a kempt safe environment, but also to monitor and maintain the environment. When observe the environment it is vital we feed out Risk Assessments daily, this is a process in which we identify any risks and find ways to prevent that risk to a minimum. Policies and procedures are put into place to make clear what the setting intends to do and how they intend to keep their environment as safe as possible, for all children and staff members. There are times when, for safety reasons, everyone must follow directions and do as they are asked, to reduce the risk to themselves, peers and the practitioners.All mem bers of staff including new staff, supply staff, students and volunteers must be made aware of the contents of the schools health and safety policies. This is to ensure every member of staff are aware of what rules to follow, which helps to maintain health and safety in the setting. matchless of the main reasons for maintaining a safe environment is accident prevention. All settings should monitor its health and safety, and the environment is regularly checked (both before and during activities) to ensure that it is both healthy and safe for adults and children. Children should be supervised at all times and that there is adequate adult supervision for any activities that are to be undertaken.The number of adults needed to be present, will depend on the number of children taking part, the age of those children involved, and the type of activity planned. This is so we can monitor the children and keep them as safe as possible. Checking the outdoor area, entering the building, checki ng that the equipment is safe to use, safety of children, safety in all areas of play (both indoor and external), kitchen/food preparation, toilets, fire drilletc. etc. Using a process for monitoring, which includes following a routine that if it is working correctly then continue.However, if something is working incorrectly then change or alter the routine as needed.When arriving at work before the children arrive, risk assessments are carried out both indoors and outdoors, checking the equipment is safe to use. Toilets also need to be regularly checked to ensure they are safe to use. The kitchen is regularly checked to ensure it is safe for staff to prepare food but also to check that all cooking facilities are switched off if not in use. A first aid box should always be unbroken so it is visible for all staff to see in the event of an emergency. First Aid boxes should also be checked to ensure the correct equipment is stocked up if required.Routine safety checks should be made daily on premises both indoors and outdoors. Every morning in the setting staff will carry out what is called a Risk Assessment of both areas to identify and risks with any any potential risks removed. A Risk Assessment is a useful tool in helping us to significantly reduce the likelihood of any accidents and injury when working with children or young people. A Risk Assessment can help to alert staff and children to potential dangers and suggests sensible measures which will reduce the potential risk of that danger causing harm or injury. Risk Assessments are a vital part of both maintaining and monitoring the Health and Safety in every setting.The management of health and safety at work regulations 1999 (originally 1992)(in England , Wales and Scotland) have had a major impact on the ways in which we control health and safety standards. Employees must undertake a range of tasks including Risk Assessments, making arrangements for the planning, organization, control, monitoring and r eview of health and safety measures. Employees must always establish emergency procedures, providing the right health and safety information and all the correct training.Policies and procedures play a huge part in making people aware of the rules and the potential dangers of hazards. In my setting we have our policiesand procedures displayed on the walls so it is easily seen by parents and visitors, which allows them to sleep together that we follow them correctly. Posters are a good way of getting children to understand the potential of risks and hazards. It is vital our children have some knowledge of what is safe and what is not safe, with grownup pictures helping to point them out. We are encouraged to work as safely as possible by following the settings policies and procedures. change stateing in a team and sharing information helps to ensure and maintain a safe environment for all to enjoy.1.3 Workplaces policies and proceduresGuidance is not legality and is not arrogant however there are many different sources of guidance that a setting can use in order to plan a healthy and safe environment.1.3.1 Risk AssessmentsRisk Assessments are a legal requirement mainly under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, although most health and safety legislation requires a risk assessment approach. Risk Assessments must be recorded and should be assessed periodically in instances such as following an accident, on the introduction of any new process/equipment and also any change in circumstances. Educational visits also require a written Risk Assessment. There is a folder of the most frequently used venues in the staff room, containing Risk Assessments.There is also a folder containing Risk Assessments for each group in the same place. All staff and group leaders must ensure that they have read these documents before embarking on a trip and must sign to acknowledge this each time they take pupils on a trip as part of the signing out procedur e. Shown at a lower place are the names of the staff assisting with the assessment process as well as details on when they will be carried out and our updating systems.1.3.2 Accidents until now in a safety conscious environment accidents may still occur. This is how we deal with them. All accidents to our staff or pupils will be recorded and investigated, as appropriate to find out what happened and howany similar incident can be avoided. Under the First Aid at Work Regulations 1981, employers have to ensure that there are adequate and appropriate equipment and facilities for providing first aid in the workplace. This should include arrangements for first aid based on a Risk Assessment of the school.1.3.3 Health & Safety Executive (HSE) Relates to all different types of work related issues and they cover all aspects of health and safety in different environments such as accidents, hazardous substances, ill health, Risk Assessments, protective equipment, welfare facilities, first a id and occupational health. The main aim through the guidance of the HSE, whatever environment or industry, is to help people understand the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, to help people comply with the law. It should be noted that the HSE are also an organisation that provides help and guidance and can be contacted to answer questions of support.Every setting should have a copy of the latest legalisation and guidance documents applicable to their service. Health and safety legalisation and policy aims to make sure that all workers, children, young people and families are safe and protected from harm when in or using services. Some examples of these legislations relating to health and safety in the child care setting can be seen overleaf1.3.4 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974Employers have duty to make your workplace as safe as possible, every setting should display a health and safety law poster or supply employees with a leaflet with the same information, which are availabl e from the HSE. All employees need to decide how to manage health and safety if the setting has more than five employees, this must appear on a written health and safety policy. Employees also have the duty to work safely and if you are given guidance about how to use equipment, you must follow that guidance. An example of a type of guidance is Manual Handling Operations Regulations (1992), which covers how to lift slow objects in the correct manner.This guidance includes information such as lifting the weight with your feet apart, knees bent and back upright, use both hands to ensure a unsex hold, keep your shoulders level, your back upright and slowly straighten your legs. To put down the load, take the weight on the legs by bending theknees. We follow this every day in our setting before the children arrive. When we are setting up for the day, this involves carrying heavy objects from the shed and taking them inside, lifting heavy tables and moving them. As practitioners it is important to follow this to reduce risk to yourself.1.3.5 C0SSH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations) 2002 To have a safe workplace you will need to carefully use and store cleaning materials like decolor and disinfectant and other potentially hazardous substances. Items such as bleach, anti-bacteria wipes, some solvent glues and other materials in the setting that can be toxic. You should have Risk Assessments that informs you about these dangers and what to do to minimise the risk involved. Any new member of staff should be made aware of what to do in every circumstance. Every work place should have a COSSH file which lists all the hazardous substances used in the setting. The file should detail such information where they are unbrokenhow they are labelledtheir effectsthe maximum amount of time its safe to be exposed to them and how to deal with an emergency involving one of them.Never sashay any products together as they could produce toxic fumes. Some bleach es and cleaning products, for instance have this effect. In our setting all our cleaning products are kept in the kitchen (where children are not allowed) in a high cupboard that only staff members can reach.

History of the Phantom of the Opera Essay

In 1911, Gaston Leroux published Le Fantme de l opera, the promptly famous book that gave birth to the legend of the specter. Leroux had been fascinate by the mystery and design of the Paris Opera field. As a theatre enthusiast, he had toured in each the levels of the Opera House including a visit to the subway lake, cellar and hidden passageways.The mysterious events at the Paris Opera House which ignited Leroux s interest began with Napoleon IIIs call for a new opera house to be built in Paris in 1860, after he had survived an assassination attempt one evening when return from the Opera. The construction of the Opera House, faced macrocosmy delays and construction stopped during the Franco Prussian War.After the war, the then unfinished Opera House was occupied by the creams class who used it as a warehouse, observation post, communications center, military post and a powder store. The cellar was once used as a torture chamber. The new Paris Opera House was finally finish ed in 1875. Finally, adding to the mystery, an unfortunate incident occurred in the Paris Opera House in 1896, a counter-weight of six and a half ton chandelier fell from the ceiling, killing a patron.Gaston Leroux always claimed that the ghost in the story was true, based on his investigations and tours of the Opera House. He is quoted as sayingThe Opera ghost really existed. He was not, as was bulky believed, a creature of the imagination of the artists, the superstition of the managers, or the absurd and impressionable brains of the young ladies of the ballet, their mothers, the box-keepers, the cloak-room attendants, or the concierge. No, he existed in flesh and blood, though he assumed all the outward characteristics of a real phantom, that is to say, of a ghost. (Leroux, G, n.d)In 1925, began the chain of events that would give rise to the phenomenon of the phantom. Universal Studios do the first film of the book the silent movie, Phantom of the Opera, which starred Lon C haney Snr. A second reading of the film, this time with sound and color, starring Claude Raines was produced in 1943. Followed by a Spanish stochastic variable in 1962, and a 1974 version starring Herbert Lom and Heather Sears.The Phantom was produced double on stage in 1935 and 1975, without much success.Then, in 1986, the legend of the Phantom of the Opera would become one of the near famous stories in the world, when Andrew Lloyd Webers Musical Phantom of the Opera hit the stage in Lon put one across. In the 21 eld since the Musical began, it has broken all theatre records and is now the endless running Broadway Show in History.The success of the medical specialtyal spurred the movie industries interest again in 2004, with a moderately successful movie called Phantom of the Opera based on Andrew Lloyd Webbers opera. Critical acclaim for the movie has been varied.The Phantom has outlived his creator who died in April 1927 and has become iconic to the 20th and 21st Century.H istory of the shit Musical The Phantom of the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webbers melodic The Phantom of the Opera opened in Londons Majesty Theatre on 9 October 1986. In the original London Cast, The Phantom was played by Michael Crawford, and Christine by Sarah Brightman (then wife of Andrew Lloyd Webber).The original creative team of the Phantom wasHarold Prince DirectorCameron Mackintosh manufacturing businessAndrew Lloyd Webber Composer, Book, Co-orchestraMaria Bjrnson Production DesignerWhile Andrew Lloyd Webber had already been phenomenally successful with toils alike Evita and the Sound of Music, The Phantom made stars of the actors and creative team members.The musical is quiet down running 21 years later (2007) in London, Broadway (N.Y) and touring worldwide. The Phantom has won over 50 awards including 3 Olivier, an Evening Standard Award, 7 Tonys and 3 Outer Critic Circle Awards.At the time of writing, it is estimated that over 80 million people have seen the musical, with total ticket sales of over $3.2 billion.Reviews of the Phantom of the OperaThe Daily Mirrors first review of the Phantom of the Opera in 1986Its fantastic, fabulous and surreal Its fantastic, fabulous and phantasmagorical From the eerily flickering lights that greet you outside Her Majestys Theatre to the last, glorious curtain call, Andrew Lloyd Webbers long-awaited new musical, Phantom of the Opera, is a triumph. The special effectuate are among the most spectacular ever seen in the West End. The music is very second as memorable as one would expect from the man who wrote Evita, Starlight Express and the rest. But most of all, the understand belongs to Sarah Brightman and Michael Crawford, who soar and swoop through their hugely demanding roles like eagles. After all the well-publicised false starts and back-biting, Lloyd Webber has created a musical which deserves to be around well into the next decade. The story is based closely on the original novel of 1911 unlike most of the Phantom of the Opera films which have been made over the years. Michael Carwfords Phantom hides his hideously disfigured face by skulking in the stage caverns and pools deep beneath the Paris opera. His passion for music is the merely thing which gives his life meaning until he becomes obsessed by Sarah Brightmans Christine a young opera singer whose beauty is matched only by the purity of her voice. He coaches her in secret while visiting dreadful catastrophes on anyone who refuses to advance her career. A hanged scene shifter is suddenly hideously dropped on to the stage in the middle of a performance. A vast crystal chandelier crashes on to the audience. As the phantom becomes more fiendish so Christine becomes increasingly mixed in her feelings towards him.A dreadful climax is fast approaching. The eerie sets of the unfolding drama great stages filled with mist and shining candles are interspersed with all the colour and spectacle of the operas being prepared and presen ted at the theatre. Despite all the ghost train theatricals the greatest thrills of the base come from Michael Crawford. He not only sings wondrously exclusively also captures the torment of the Phantom perfectly. If you only see one show this year, make sure it is this one (Blake, J, 1986)In 2002, The Times wroteLong-runnersOne practise is obvious Maria Bjrnsons stunning designs. The story, based on Gaston Lerouxs novel, begins on the Paris Operas stage in 1911.The building is inhuman and neglected, the stage festooned with great swags of grey fabric. Old theatrical props are being auctioned off. Then, as the auctioneer announces the final lot the operas marvellous chandelier the dustsheets fall away, the scene seems almost to dissolve and the theatre travels back in time to 1881 before our very eyes. Its a vision of bald-faced grandeur gas lamps flicker, red velvet glows in the light and plaster nymphs and satyrs frolic on pillars. The opera is dogged by misfortunes that are rumoured to be the work of the Phantom, a malevolent figure who haunts the theatre. This sinister creature has become obsessed with Christine Daa, a pretty chorus girl. But only cadaverous Madame Giry, the formidable ballet mistress, knows the terrible secret that lies behind the mask the Phantom wears. The musicals best sequence occurs when the Phantom leads Christine through labyrinthine passages to his lair beyond a hidden lake underneath the building. As their boat glides over the misty water, surrounded by flickering candles, the effect is breathtaking. The problem is that this spectacle takes place early on and energy afterwards can really compete. Harold Princes direction is slick and Gillian Lynnes choreography effective, but Lloyd Webbers music is often trite and dated. Theres little depth to any of the characters, either, yet the musicals central relationship intrigues. For while Christine is Beauty to the Phantoms Beast, she is haunted, not only by the opera ghost, b ut by the memory of her dead violinist father. This lends a pleasingly perverse Freudian twist to the erotic tension between the twain characters, and the performers John Owen-Jones and Celia Graham make the most of it. Not only are they both excellent singers, they are fine actors too. Graham brings both passion and a childlike neediness to her portrayal of Christine. Owen-Jones uses his rich, powerful voice to great effect, crooning one moment, spitting bitterness the next. But the real star of the show is Bjrnsons work. The agent died earlier this month, aged 53, and if Phantom has stood the test of time, its because of her. It is not the music audiences leave behind remember its the operas chandelier swinging insanely over the stalls, or a masked figure crouched menacingly over a gilded angel. And for those images alone, this show is still worth seeing. (Marlowe, S, 2002)The New York Times revisited the Phantom in 2005 and wrote this review New York Times revisits the Phanto m Old and Ghostly but Still a Hoot The paint on the balconies of the Majestic star sign controls chipped and the electronic drum machine sounds like something left over from a music video from the 1980s. But The Phantom of the Opera really shows its age (17 years and running) when the signature special effect is presented. Musicals have opened and closed in the time it takes that chandelier to lumber to the floor. Looking like one of Ed woods teetering flying saucers, it crashes to the stage with the force of a shopping cart, the biggest, most extravagant anticlimax in town. Seventeen years later Sandra Joseph and Hugh Panaro are now playing the roles of Christine and the Phantom. Under the fearsome shadow of Hugh Panaro in The Phantom of the Opera.But what do you expect? It was designed during the Reagan administration. For a top-of-the-line chandelier, you will have to wait for the $40 million production of Phantom opening in Las Vegas next spring. But if the technology of the Broadway show seems a bit quaint, the real news is that the rest of the production has grown old gracefully. Judging by sheer invention, emotional punch and onstage talent, the venerable blockbuster still beats out almost all of the whippersnappers currently on Broadway. Maria Bjornsons flamboyant gothic design and Harold Princes fantastical staging still have the gleam of finely shine professionalism. Led by the current Phantom (there have been 10 after Michael Crawford), Hugh Panaro, an up-and-coming musical theater star who finds the right mix of shock and schmaltz, most of the cast retains the freshness of opening night. That does not mean that Andrew Lloyd Webber haters, a colossal and very grumpy contingent, will be won over. Sorry, The Music of the Night hasnt changed. Nor has Charles Harts bumbling lyrics (You have brought me to that moment when words run dry). But for those sentimental souls looking for a popular entertainment to transpose them to a baroque, romantic new world with a powerful smoke machine, Phantom, Im happy to report, still delivers the goods. Which is especially impressive, given that not long ago, the musical seemed to be on its last legs. By the fall of 2003, its peers Miss Saigon, Cats and Les Misrables had faded away. Ticket sales were down and rumors of its demise were common around Broadway. Flash-forward to straight off crowds are lined up around the corner to see the show, which regularly sells out. Last week, 99 percent of the seats were filled. In January, barring a strike, misfortune or nuclear holocaust, Phantom will eclipse Cats as the longest-running show in Broadway history. What happened? For one thing, it received a boost from Joel Schumachers film version of the musical, which opened in December. Even though it wasnt a smash hit, the movie introduced a new audience to the show (as evidenced by the large number of young girls at the Majestic) and re reasoned old ones how superior the musical is. In fact, the bo mbastic film may be the only thing that makes the musical look understated. Mr. Prince, who continues to oversee casting and reportedly checks up on the show every few months, deserves credit for tending to it with care. When the box office dipped, he never dread and cast a former Backstreet Boy for a short-term boost in sales. Unlike so many long-running shows, Phantom has not resorted to stunt casting. Although dont be surprised if Mr. Panaro, who has been rumored on theater Web sites as the choice to star in Lestat, Elton Johns vampire musical nous to Broadway next season, becomes a household name someday. A young, charismatic actor, he brings a maniacal energy and Grand Guignol charm to the tortured Phantom. In his hands, the show concentrates more on the horror than the romance but only once does he turn to the audience and growl which, considering how scenery chewing this role could be, counts as admirable restraint. Surrounding him is a solid supporting cast who deliver di sciplined performances free of the lazy flourishes that sneak into a role when an actor becomes tire by repetition. As the diva Carlotta, Anne Runolfsson flashes a hundred-watt smile and shows off a richly textured voice in the opening song, Think of Me. Jeff Keller and George Lee Andrews, the only actors with major roles who have been with the company since the beginning, are marvelous as the nervous theater managers who made the mistake of buying the Paris Opera House. In 2001, Mr. Prince had them worst roles to keep things fresh. Sandra Joseph (who doesnt perform Wednesday evenings or Saturday matinees) is perfectly competent as Christine, although in her scenes with the Phantom she can come off as a bit bland. As her other love interest, Raoul, a terribly underwritten role, Tim Martin Gleason provides a strong voice and a stiff performance. In the romantic songs, ones mind easily wanders to the bitingly funny Lloyd Webber parody in Spamalot, which droned on and on until the st ars looked tired of their own voices. Then again, the winking and eyebrow-raising in satirical musical comedies like Spamalot and The Producers are part of what makes the proudly melodramatic and unironic Phantom a nice change of pace. The musical may seem as if it is from a different time, but thats not necessarily a bad thing. (Zinoman, J, 2005)Personal ReviewThe Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera captures your attention right from the start and then you will be you will be drawn into a mysterious world of horror, romance and tragedy.Your journey keeps you spellbound through resonating songs sung by a handpicked cast, Maria Bjornsons magnificent sets and costumes to both delight and frighten you.Gaston Lerouxs gothic novel comes to life through Andrew Lloyds Webbers Phantom. The musical beautifully combines a mixture of genres, performed through opera, leaving the audience entrapped in a tragic tale of love.Whether you are recovering from fright or floating on Phantom s songs this musical will keep, you entertained, wistful and somewhat disturbed leaving you thoughtful as to who should triumph in the end.New fans and old are still being ecstatic by the phenomenon of The Phantom.Works CitedBlake, J, (1986) Its fantastic, fabulous and phantasmagorical, The Daily Mirror U.K. Retrieved 04/18/2007, http//www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/news_mediareviews_story.php?id=38Leroux, G. n.d. Quotation Phantom of the Opera Official Site. Retrieved 04/18/2007, http//www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/show/the_show_history_filmography.phpMarlowe, S, (2002), Long Runners, The Times, UK. Retrieved 04/18/2007 http//entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article805339.eceZinoman, J, (2005), New York Times revisits the Phantom Old and Ghostly but Still a Hoot, The New York Times, USA. Retrieved 04/18/2007 http//www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/news_mediareviews_story.php?id=216BibliographyParis Opera House (n.d.), Music of the 19th Century Par is, Opera. Retrieved 04/18/2007 http//gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/music/opera/opera_house.htmlThe Phantom of the Opera (n.d.), Official Website. Retrieved 04/17/2007, http//www.thephantomoftheopera.com

Essay of the Ideology and Social Base of Bharatiya Janata Party Essay

The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) was officially launched as an independent political organisation in February 1980, after the split of the Janata Party on the R.S.S issue. most(prenominal) of east while Jana Sangha members along with a few others, left the Janata Party to form the B.J.P. Thus the B.J.P. is a reincarnation of the Jana Sangha, the militant Hindu nationalist caller founded in 1951 by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. The object of the Jana Sangha was the rebuilding of Bharat as a modern, democratic society in accordance with religious precepts. The party adopted four fundamental principle one country, one nation, one culture and a rule of law that would determine its future communication channel of action Nehru described the party as its Illegitimate child. Professor Rasheeduddin Khan has rightly remarked, The BJP has prints of continuity with the Jana Sangha, in its discipline and well knit organisational set up and units linkage with the traditional Hindus socio-cultural o rganisations, the RSS and the VTTP.Support BaseThe BJPs support base is essentially the same as that of the erst while Jana Sangha. It is a party of the urban educated Hindu middle classes professionals, small businessmen and white collar workers. In Gujarat, Maharashtra, Delhi and Rajasthan BJP is the ruling party with charismatic leaders like Suresh Meheta, Gopinath Mundle, Mandas Lai Khurana and Bhairon Singh shekhawat. But BJPs most impressive performance was in Karnataka, U.P. and Gujarat in 1991 election. In all these states the BJP vote went up by over 20%. Gujarat represents the BJPs most impressive covering.Electoral PerformanceIn 1967, the party gave its full support to the SVD ministry in U.P headed by Charan Singh and it had 98 members in the Vidhan Sabha. In 1977, with 98 of its men in parliament under the Janata banner it received only lead cabinet ministership. In 1980 the party backed Jagajivan Ramand in 1983 with their 18 members in the Karnataka legislature the B JP supported R.K. Hegde who was thus of a minority The BJP bore V.P. Singh on its shoulders after he formed the Jana Morcha. In 1984 during its worst showing only 2 Lok Sabha seats it still polled 7.4% of the national votes ahead of the Janatas 6.7 percent and the Lok Dais 5.6.ideology and ProgrammeThe BJP believes in Gandhian socialism. The party says that its socialism is inspired not only bi Gandhi and JP just likewise by a Deen Dayal Upadhyaya. It stands for positive secularism and clean government while laying emphasis on the Hindus Idiom on its poll manifesto, the party stands for justice for all and appeasement of none. Policy of reservations for the schedule castes and scheduled tribes apply the same policy to the backward castes broadly in line with the recommendation of the Mandal Commission. The party also favours smaller and stronger states desires to abolish Article 370, favours uniform civil code and would like to establish Human Rights Commission.BJP RSS affinity The Jana sangh has been closely associated with the RSS. The RSS has served as the organizational base for the party. The BJP being its successor, what type of relationship it has with the RSS? The official stand of the BJP and the RSS is that those be two separate organizations working in two different -fields. Besides they do not interject in each others work. But an over whelming majority of the BJP workers have RSS background. Therefore a large sum of people think that the two organizations belong to the one and some family. Even the BJP has reaffirmed its RSS link. It seems this link as merry to its newly emphasized commitment to national unity since it believes that the RSSs patriotism is unmatched. It is in fact towering of its link with RSS. The BJP is now being viewed as an alternative to the century partoes that have so far had a monopoly on power.

Gd on China or Pakistan Threat to India

attoVishnu, China is a bigger threat than pakistan. I am non speaking about military strength, I am speaking about economic strength. China as all the ability to take all our business, services away from us. In the future, it muckle stand as a big challenge when it comes to outsourcing and other IT / ITeS services there by completely paralyzing our economy through problems like unemployment etc China.. it rouse also challange USA, .. India will be peanuts. pakistan both(prenominal) equally match so non that ofttimes big threat, but still china is kick *** for India hebiggest threat to india is the pakistan because the , the p-akistan is spreading the cold warfare, gueerlas war that y it important , to watch carefull the activity of pakistan definately pakistan and due to kashmir dispute. China is the bigger threat, a head on clash with china, could be damaging to India. However, pakistan offers a threat of a different kind, spreading terror, whose effect would be quite bad. hi brother its china. they say that arunachal pradesh belongs to them and some disputes in tibet border. its easy to fight with pakistan and win. we know the pakistan is a part of india. t has been to given a place for certain minoroties by india. so theres less threat. jai posterior Currently I would say Pakistan because this is the time of Islamic aggresion in the world and Pakistan is an Islamic nation and they before long have a low level conflict with India and there have been terrorist fights on India from Pakistan. China has the electromotive force to be the biggest threat to anyone but they havent really shown much aggresion. Lets hope that they remain that way. no country becoz from both we do our good relations. It all depends on how you view the situation. Neither China nor Pakistan need be our foes.We can make use of them for our mutual benefit. However, as a military force China is far superior. On the other hand Pakistan is very close to our territory. Both these fac tors do not count much in the modern nuclear warfare. All depends on the wisdom of the rulers of the countries and our fate. CHINA is a bigger threat to India. It has the potential drop to beat down India in every sphere on its own. But PAKISTAN cant do anything much without the service of process of bigger nations like AMERICA. As a force to compete economically, without a doubt China. But India is in a better position because US and Japan is trying to isolate China.India would soon be show the preferred trading status with US. As militarily threat, Pakistan will have more conflicts with India. There isnt much long term deep root hatred between India and China, so any dispute can be easily resolved compare to Pakistan. china provides a source of healthy competition in the world market. so ,id say chinas not much of a threat if we realise how to make the approximately out of it for our advantage. we need strategic planning to implement this. the trade aggrements signed by the n ational leadership is a step forward in this direction. ince national security is of utmost importance , pakistan seems to be an spry THREAT to the nation ,this issue is one that deserves attn rightaway. If it was a situation over what country could do more damage to India it would definatly be China But the biggest threat to India is Pakistan because China doesnt threaten and hate India like Pakistan does pakistan jargoon be a threat for india coz pakistan is a poor country with no economics and also india has defeted pakistan so many times, pakistan is so much spoiled internally that it cant think to fight with india. akistan is also not capable to fight with india, it is india who divided pakistan in in 1971 war and that was enough for pakistan. as far as china is concerned, we also have the same strength as china has. we are indians we are afeared(predicate) of no one. to tell the truth india is in a position to defend itself if any one of the attack i. e. we are self suffic ient. but if both of them get india will be ruined it will be like EK AUR EK GYARAH None but India itself, notably CORRUPTION from top to bottom The answers post by the user, for information only, FunQA. com does not guarantee the right.